What is integrated pest management (IPM)?

Integrated pest management (IPM) is defined as a holistic approach to managing pests that combines multiple strategies and methods to reduce pest populations to acceptable levels while minimizing risks to human health and the environment. This methodology goes beyond relying solely on one type of control, such as chemical pesticides, and instead integrates various techniques.

For instance, IPM may involve a combination of biological control measures (like using natural predators), cultural practices (such as crop rotation and adjusting planting dates), physical controls (including traps or barriers), and, when necessary, the judicious use of chemical pesticides. This multifaceted approach helps to create a more sustainable and effective pest management system, decrease reliance on chemicals, and mitigate potential negative impacts on beneficial organisms and ecosystems.

In contrast, the other options represent more limited or singular approaches to pest management that do not embody the comprehensive philosophy of IPM. Focusing only on chemical controls, biological methods, or mechanical removal excludes the essential elements of integration and diversity that characterize effective IPM practices. Thus, option B accurately captures the essence of integrated pest management.